The teaching of english as a second language has undergone radical changes in recent years, and nowhere have these changes been more evident than our and livtrsltles. Four types of discourse m arkers are used in combining english. Even though the original writers are professional writers, there is no right way to put these sentences. The need to combine sentences sentences have to be combined to avoid the monotony that would surely result if all sentences were brief and of equal length.
Option 3 conjunctive adverbs there are many choices. Response elaboration training ret is a therapy technique used to increase the number of content words in spontaneous speech for people with aphasia. Sentence structures combine each set of simple sentences below to produce the kind of sentence speci. Sentence combining strategies and practice there are a number of techniques that can be employed when combining short, choppy, simple sentences into more mature, complex ones. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Watch on to see three patterns where we can mix it up a bit. The paper is obviously yours, so you dont need to use phrases such as i think, i believe, or it seems to me.
Avoid overusing it is, there is, and there are weak expletives at the beginning of sentences. Punctuation worksheets and activities ereading worksheets. Each discourse marker indicates a particular meaning relationship between two or more clauses. The teacher should encourage students to read sentences to themselves first to make sure the sentences flow appropriately. Techniques for reducing wordinessnew macalester college. Coordination is a method of combining independent clauses by using sentence connectors. Tiered sentence combining, atlas, 2014 2 purposes and acknowledgements tiered sentence combining is the result of contributions from minnesota student achievement in reading mn star participants over several years. Sometimes, a single and can do the job of combining the sentences too. Sentence combining using subordinating conjunctions. An appositive or appositive phrase is a renaming, a reidentification, of something earlier in the text. Subordination is a method of combining independent clauses with dependent clauses by using sentence connectors. You will have to add, delete, change, and rearrange words. A semicolon can be used to combine independent clauses to make a compound sentence. Teach students this writing technique through explicit instruction.
Techniques for reducing wordiness try not to use i and we in a formal paper. We also offer suggestions for using sentence combining hereafter sc as a context for intervention on higher level syntactic complexity. This method results in a number of simple sentences that lack coherence. Helping students build stronger sentences iowa reading research center. Its referred to as loose training, meaning that it doesnt use a rigid set of answers, but rather encourages the person with aphasia to generate their own responses. Sentence combining as a technique for increasing adjective use in. By combining sentences with this technique, you can eliminate extra words and repeated ideas. Now, add a dependent clause to your compound sentence to create a compoundcomplex sentence. Improving sentences via sentence combining instruction. However, this technique may only be used if both clauses have a similar grammatical structure or have closely related ideas. Combine each set of short, choppy sentences into one sentence. Compound sentences one way to combine two sentences is to make a compound sentence with the conjunctions and, or, but, yet, or so. Surely by eighth grade i thought, my students must have mastered the ability to create interesting sentences.
The complex sentence a complex sentence is made up of a simple sentence a complete statement and a statement that begins with a dependent word. Have them identify two or more sentences that they can improve. We cannot connect these independent clauses with a comma. It is intended to improve integrated readingwriting skills such as. Skillful written language composition presents particular challenges to students with languagelearning disability lld.
If you continually use short sentences in your writing, your paragraphs will sound very choppy. A complex sentence is used when you want to emphasize one idea over another in a sentence. Pdf this article addresses teaching sentence construction skills to. This is because they combine two different types of sentences into one long sentence. Weve posted the originals for comparison not correction. The compoundcomplex sentence evergreen state college. This impression can also be caused by too many sentences in a row that begin with a simple. The two most common coordinating conjunctions are and and but. Complex sentences sentence combining four types of sentences. Using subordinate clauses combine the following short sentences by turning the second sentence into a subordinate clause and attaching it to the first. Combining sentences helps us to showcase the relationships between ideas.
Sentence combining classroom strategies reading rockets. The hints in parentheses tell you how to start the subordinate clause. Two or more simple sentences can be combined by the use of coordinating conjunctions. In order to combine these three sentences correctly, you still use some of the same steps from the previous sentence types. Sentence combining california state university, northridge.
Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written english, you will want to express yourself in increasingly complex ways. Sentence and paragraph writing takes students from basic sentence writing skills at the beginning to sound and competent paragraph writing at the end. Runon sentences worksheet answers revise any runon sentences using a technique that you find effective. My favorite bistro, which is new to the area, serves a scrumptious salad that my friends love. Sentence combining, simply stated, is the strategy of joining short sentences into longer, more complex sentences. How to combine two or more simple sentences into a single. Combine each set of sentences below into one effective sentence, using the lines provided. This combining of sentences can be brought about by adding a conjunction to join the sentences with the same noun. Its demonstrably true that sentence composing can work anywherein any school, with any student. Sentence combining techniques irsc academic support center. Sentence combining and written syntax assessment of written syntax requires a writing task that can be accomplished in a. This highly regarded text helps developmental writing students strengthen their writing skills and understand some of the stylistic choices available to them in written english. This results in a complex sentence that can improve the formality and sophistication of your writing style. After combining, one sentence is transformed into an independent clause while the other becomes a dependent clause followed by a conjunction.
Below are several techniques you can use to reword and combine your shorter sentences. The instructor tells students that there are often multiple correct ways to combine sentences. The need to combine sentences and some common methods of. Combine the following sentences with a subordinating conjunction after all, although, while, because, before, however, therefore. Combining sentences for variety and clarity several methods and examples are given, however this page only combines two sentences. We can combine these two sentences into one in several ways. Sentence combining skill is something that will develop over several short practice sessions and should be considered as one component of an overall writing program. The team captain jumped for joy, and the fans cheered because we won the state championship. Sentence combining instructional techniques middle. Sentence combining tillamook bay community college. Pdf improving sentence writing ability through sentence. Bush institute in partnership with the meadows center for preventing educational risk. However, the goal of sentence combining is not to produce longer sentences but rather to develop more effective sentencesand to help you become a more versatile writer.
Combining sentences with subordinating conjunctions. Take two sentences and put them together with a connecting word. Sentence combining, a writing intervention that teaches students to combine words, phrases, and. Designed to produce sentence maturity and variety, the worktexts offer extensive practice in four sentence manipulating techniques. Sentence combining a composing book william strong on.
Then use the four sentences youve written as the start and complete a paragraph with your own opinion on the topic, writing on a separate sheet of paper. Several sentence manipulation techniques will be used which students can. Join sentences sometimes you can eliminate needless sentences by taking key words from other sentences and putting them into one sentence. Combining sentences with subordinating conjunctions when you write, your writing is more interesting if you can vary sentence structures. By learning this skill, students enhance their writing style. Remember, there may be many ways to combine each of these sentences. Bush institute in partnership with the meadows center for preventing educational risk at the university of texas at austin. Then combine the independent clauses to form a compound sentence. Student take simple sentences, learn how to combine them with tools such as using modifiers, conjunctions, subordinate clauses, and commas. Sentence combining, sentence beginnings lessons, practice. Las vegas high school 201011 writing workshop combining sentences.
The clauses of a compound sentence are either separated by a semicolon relatively rare or connected by a coordinating conjunction which is, more often than not, preceded by a comma. Youll get the practice you need to communicate your ideas in clear and interesting sentences. Tiedye clothing peaked in the 1960s, and it had made a comeback recently. Discourse markers are used to combine clauses or to connect sentence elements. Sentence combining, part two texas state university. At the bottom of these sentencecombining exercises, youll see a link to a document with the original paragraphs from which we created these exercises. How can we avoid the monotonous or short, choppy sentence patterns.
Ask learners to identify sentences in each others work that could be improved. This book is designed to help you prepare for the verbal and reading sections of many assessment and entrance exams. Joining sentences by subordination dependent independent clause clause. The instructor completes several sentence combining examples in front of the group, using a thinkaloud approach to show his or her thinking process in successfully combining sentences. Tiered sentence combining tillamook bay community college. Part one once you have mastered writing a clear, grammatically correct simple sentence a sentence that contains a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought, you can begin to improve your writing by practicing combining sentences. Subordination techniques for writing complex sentences are.
The concept of word tiers was developed in the late 1980s by isabel beck, margaret mckeown, and. Sentence combining as a technique for increasing adjective use in writing by students with autism. Combine the following sentences by subordinating minor ideas or by coordinating ideas of equal importance. By using sentence combining techniques, these sentences can be written as one. Sentence composing for high school by donald killgallon. Growth in sentence composing and variety stems from two processes, both taught through grammar for high school. Combine the sentences wetlands can improve water quality. The bold words can be used to begin a sentence when used correctly. This video is on the different kinds of sentences in english. Combining sentences allows writers to avoid unnecessary repetition, provide emphasis, and improve sentence variety. Sentence and paragraph writing takes students from basic sentence writing skills at the beginning to sound and competent.
Includes both editable printable and interactive pdf versions. The team captain jumped for joy, and the fans cheered. Part two sentences can also be combined by using modifying words, prepositions and prepositional phrases, infinitives or infinitive phrases, participial phrases, gerunds, appositives, and absolute phrases. This exercise will introduce you to sentence combiningthat is, organizing sets of short, choppy sentences into longer, more effective ones. Introduction to sentence combining lesson and activity the need to combine sentences sentences have to be combined to avoid the monotony that would surely result if all sentences were brief and of equal length. Sentence combining the middle school matters institute msmi is an initiative of the george w. Sentencecombining workbook uses sentence combining techniques to help you develop confidence in your writing. Sentence combining is also a great assignment for peer editors. Once you have mastered writing a clear, grammatically correct simple sentence a sentence that contains a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought, you can begin to improve your writing by practicing combining sentences. Chapter 10 sentence combining activities complex sentences. You will need to take phrases from one sentence and add them to the other sentence. Combine the sentences to make compound and complex sentences.
Improving sentence writing ability through sentence combining practice, article pdf available january 2007 with 7,914 reads how we measure reads. Sentence combining skills the need to combine sentences. Sep 21, 2015 a simple sentence has just one clause. Students should be reminded that simply listing attributes does not constitute a well expanded sentences and that added information should flow in logical order. Learning the following sentence combining techniques will help you develop efficient and effective sentences. Support your students with enhancing their writing skills with sentence combining practice. Sentence expanding helps students write strong, clear, and detailed sentences. One technique which has been the subject of much research with. After you have combined the sentences, circle whether you created a compound or complex sentence. Combining, expanding, and reducing sentences worksheets. Combining sentences is a necessary part of fluent communication in the english language.
One way to vary sentence structures is to combine thoughts using complex sentences. Pinball machines combine the following sentences into an effective descriptive paragraph. Ask learner pairs to identify two or more sentences in each others writing to work on together to combine or clarify. Here are a few of the many ways to combine sentences.
At a more technical level, sentence combining is concerned. Combining sentences encourages a writer to take two or more short, choppy sentences and combine them into one effective sentence. Sentence combining as a technique for increasing adjective. Combine the following sentences by subordinating minor ideas. The appositive is probably the most efficient technique we have for combining ideas. You must decide which ideas are minor because the sentences are given out of context. Complex sentences sentence combining four types of. Apr 26, 20 the need to combine sentences and some common methods of sentence synthesis april 26, 20 if all of your sentences were brief and of equal length, you will have a tough time keeping the reader engaged. Combining sentences seventh grade english language arts.
You can think of an appositive as a modifying clause from which the clausal machinery. This method of joining sentences is only recommended for. Techniques of sentence combination using discourse. A guide to the scamper technique for creative thinking. A bar near a college campus would be incomplete without a row of pinball machines. Rewrite them using sentence combining techniques so they read better. Sentence combining with pirates rtf sentence combining with pirates pdf.
Combine the following sentences by subordinating minor. Combine the sentences below to make them more readable. Sentenfollow these simple rules for combining sentences to make your writing more interesting and grammatically correct. Raymond was loved by everyone, and he returned their affection. Choppy sentences problem too many short simple sentences can make your writing appear unsophisticated and your ideas seem disconnected. What is the best technique for combining these sentences. Combine by inserting words or phrases combine related sentences by taking a key word or phrase from one sentence and inserting it into another sentence. Combine sentences eighth 8th grade english language arts. Feb 02, 2016 how can we avoid the monotonous or short, choppy sentence patterns. By completing the 501 sample items offered here and by studying their answer explanations, you will develop the skills necessary to tackle each type of sentence completion question. Improving sentences via sentence combining instruction bruce saddler when i first began teaching writing in middle school my temptation was to believe that any sentence level writing instruction was a waste of time. Carlos needs help interpreting the directions from the owners manual. Combining sentences joining sentences by coordination independent clause clause.
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